Yintoni izixhobo zomoya? Ziziphi izixhobo ezikhoyo?

Yintoni izixhobo zomoya? Ziziphi izixhobo ezikhoyo?

Izixhobo zomthombo womoya sisixhobo sokuvelisa umoya ocinezelweyo – i-air compressor (i-air compressor). Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zee-air compressors, eziqhelekileyo zezohlobo lwepiston, uhlobo lwe-centrifugal, uhlobo lwe-screw, uhlobo lwe-sliding vane, uhlobo lwe-scroll njalo njalo.
Umoya ophuma kwi-compressor yomoya uqulathe ukungcola okuninzi okufana nokufuma, ioyile kunye nothuli. Izixhobo zokucoca kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukususa ngokufanelekileyo ezi zinto zingcolisayo ukuze zingabangeli monakalo kwindlela yokusebenza eqhelekileyo yenkqubo yomoya.

Izixhobo zokucoca umthombo womoya ligama eliqhelekileyo lezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezininzi. Izixhobo zokucoca umthombo womoya zihlala zibizwa ngokuba zizixhobo zokucoca emva kokucubungula kushishino, zihlala zibhekisa kwiitanki zokugcina igesi, ii-dryer, izihluzi, njl.njl.
● itanki yomoya
Umsebenzi wetanki yokugcina igesi kukuphelisa i-pressure pulsation, ukuxhomekeka kulwandiso lwe-adiabatic kunye nokupholisa kwendalo ukuze kwehliswe ubushushu, ukwahlukanisa ngakumbi umswakama kunye neoyile emoyeni ocinezelweyo, kunye nokugcina inani elithile legesi. Kwelinye icala, inokunciphisa impikiswano yokuba ukusetyenziswa komoya kungaphezulu komthamo womoya ophumayo we-air compressor ngexesha elifutshane. Kwelinye icala, inokugcina umoya ufumaneka ixesha elifutshane xa i-air compressor ingaphumeleli okanye umbane ucinyiwe, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zomoya.

●Umshini wokomisa umoya

Isixhobo sokomisa umoya esicinezelweyo, njengoko igama lisitsho, luhlobo lwezixhobo zokususa amanzi zomoya ocinezelweyo. Kukho izixhobo ezimbini zokomisa umoya ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ekuqandeni kunye nezomisi zokufunxa amanzi, kunye nezomisi ezithambileyo kunye nezomisi zepolymer membrane. Isixhobo sokomisa umoya esifrijini sesona sisetyenziswa kakhulu ekupheliseni amanzi emoyeni ocinezelweyo, kwaye sisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimeko ezineemfuno zomgangatho womoya ngokubanzi. Isixhobo sokomisa umoya esifrijini sisebenzisa uphawu lokuba uxinzelelo oluncinci lomphunga wamanzi emoyeni ocinezelweyo lumiselwa bubushushu bomoya ocinezelweyo ukwenza ukupholisa, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi kunye nokomisa. Izixhobo zokomisa umoya ezicinezelweyo zihlala zibizwa ngokuba "zii-refrigerated dryers" kushishino. Umsebenzi waso ophambili kukunciphisa umxholo wamanzi emoyeni ocinezelweyo, oko kukuthi, ukunciphisa "ubushushu be-dew point" yomoya ocinezelweyo. Kwinkqubo yomoya ocinezelweyo yemizi-mveliso ngokubanzi, sesinye sezixhobo ezifunekayo zokomisa umoya ocinezelweyo kunye nokucoca (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-post-processing).

Umgaqo osisiseko omnye

Umoya ocinezelweyo unokufezekisa injongo yokususa umphunga wamanzi ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo, ukupholisa, ukufunxa kunye nezinye iindlela. I-freeze dryer yindlela yokupholisa. Siyazi ukuba umoya ocinezelweyo yi-air compressor uneegesi ezahlukeneyo kunye nomphunga wamanzi, ngoko ke ngumoya ofumileyo. Umthamo womswakama womoya ofumileyo ngokubanzi ulingana noxinzelelo, oko kukuthi, xa uxinzelelo luphezulu, kokukhona umswakama uncipha. Emva kokuba uxinzelelo lomoya lunyukile, umphunga wamanzi emoyeni ngaphaya komxholo onokwenzeka uya kuxinana ube ngamanzi (oko kukuthi, umthamo womoya ocinezelweyo uba mncinci kwaye awukwazi ukugcina umphunga wamanzi wokuqala).

Oku kuthetha ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nomoya owawuphefunyulwe ekuqaleni, umxholo wokufuma uba mncinci (apha kubhekiselwa ekubuyeleni kwale nxalenye yomoya ocinezelweyo kwimeko engacinezelwanga).

Nangona kunjalo, i-exhaust ye-air compressor isengumoya ocinezelweyo, kwaye umxholo womphunga wamanzi ukwixabiso eliphezulu kangangoko, oko kukuthi, ukwimeko ebalulekileyo yegesi kunye nolwelo. Umoya ocinezelweyo ngeli xesha ubizwa ngokuba yimeko egcweleyo, ngoko ke ukuba ucinezelwe kancinci, umphunga wamanzi uya kutshintsha ngoko nangoko ukusuka kwimeko yegesi ukuya kwimeko yolwelo, oko kukuthi, amanzi aya kuncitshiswa.

Ukuba umoya sisiponji esimanzi esifunxe amanzi, umswakama waso ngamanzi afunxekileyo. Ukuba amanzi athile acinyiweyo aphuma kwisiponji ngamandla, ngoko ke umswakama wesiponji uyancipha. Ukuba uvumela isiponji ukuba siphinde siphile, ngokwemvelo siya kuba somile kunesiponji sokuqala. Oku kukwafezekisa injongo yokususa amanzi nokomisa ngokucinezela.
Ukuba akukho mandla angaphezulu emva kokufikelela kumandla athile ngexesha lenkqubo yokucinezela isiponji, amanzi aya kuyeka ukucinywa, nto leyo ethetha ukuba agcwele. Qhubeka unyusa amandla okucinywa, kwaye kusekho amanzi aphumayo.

Ngoko ke, umzimba we-air compressor ngokwawo unomsebenzi wokususa amanzi, kwaye indlela esetyenziswayo kukufaka uxinzelelo, kodwa oku akusiyo injongo ye-air compressor, kodwa ngumthwalo "ombi".

Kutheni "uxinzelelo" lungasetyenziswa njengendlela yokukhupha amanzi emoyeni oxinzelelweyo? Oku kungenxa yokuba kuncitshiswa kakhulu, kunyusa uxinzelelo nge-1 kg. Ukusebenzisa malunga ne-7% yamandla akusetyenziswanga kakuhle.

Ukukhupha amanzi “okupholisayo” kubiza kakhulu, kwaye isomisi esifrijiweyo sisebenzisa umgaqo ofanayo nowokususa ubumanzi kwi-air conditioner ukufezekisa injongo. Ngenxa yokuba uxinano lomphunga wamanzi ogcweleyo lunomda, kuxinzelelo lwe-aerodynamic (uluhlu lwe-2MPa), kunokucingelwa ukuba uxinano lomphunga wamanzi emoyeni ogcweleyo luxhomekeke kuphela kubushushu kwaye alunanto yakwenza noxinzelelo lomoya.

Okukhona ubushushu buphezulu, kokukhona umphunga wamanzi uxinene kakhulu emoyeni ogcweleyo, kwaye kuya kubakho amanzi amaninzi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, okukhona ubushushu buphantsi, kokukhona amanzi encipha (oku kunokuqondwa ngokwengqiqo eqhelekileyo ebomini, ubusika buyomile kwaye bubanda, ihlobo lishushu kwaye linomswakama).

Pholisa umoya ocinezelweyo ukuya kubushushu obuphantsi kangangoko ukuze unciphise uxinano lomphunga wamanzi olukuwo kwaye wenze "ukufuma", uqokelele amathontsi amancinci amanzi enziwe kukufuma uze uwakhuphe, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokususa umswakama emoyeni ocinezelweyo.

Ngenxa yokuba ibandakanya inkqubo yokufuma kunye nokufuma emanzini, ubushushu abunakuba ngaphantsi "kwenqanaba lokuqandisa", kungenjalo imeko yokufuma ayizukuwakhupha amanzi ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo "ubushushu beqondo loxinzelelo" lomshini wokomisa ifriji buyi-2 ~ 10°C.

Umzekelo, "inqanaba loxinzelelo lomoya" kwi-10°C ye-0.7MPa iguqulwa ibe "inqanaba loxinzelelo lomoya" ukuya kwi--16°C. Kuyaqondakala ukuba xa isetyenziswa kwindawo engaphantsi kwe--16°C, akuyi kubakho manzi alulwelo xa umoya ocinezelweyo uphelelwe emoyeni.

Zonke iindlela zokususa amanzi zomoya oxinzelelweyo zomile kancinci, zihlangabezana nomlinganiselo othile wokoma. Akunakwenzeka ukususa umswakama ngokupheleleyo, kwaye akubizi kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokoma ngaphaya kweemfuneko zokusetyenziswa.
2 umgaqo wokusebenza

Isixhobo sokomisa umoya obandayo sipholisa umoya oxineneyo ukuze sihlanganise umphunga wamanzi emoyeni oxineneyo ube ngamathontsi amanzi, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokunciphisa umswakama womoya oxineneyo.
Amathontsi aqunyiweyo akhutshwa kumatshini ngenkqubo yokukhupha amanzi ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuba nje ubushushu obuphakathi bombhobho osezantsi kwindawo yokuphuma komshini wokomisa bungaphantsi kobushushu be-dew point kwindawo yokuphuma komatshini wokomisa, ukufuma okwesibini akuyi kwenzeka.

3 umsebenzi

Inkqubo yomoya ocinezelweyo:
Umoya oxinzelelweyo ungena kwi-air heat exchanger (preheater) [1], ethi ekuqaleni inciphise ubushushu bomoya oxinzelelweyo obushushu obuphezulu, ize ingene kwi-Freon/air heat exchanger (evaporator) [2], apho umoya oxinzelelweyo upholiswa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kakhulu Yehlisa ubushushu bufikelele kubushushu be-dew point, kwaye amanzi ahlukeneyo kunye nomoya oxinzelelweyo zahlulwe kwi-water separator [3], kwaye amanzi ahlukeneyo akhutshwa kumatshini ngesixhobo sokukhupha amanzi esizenzekelayo.

Umoya ocinezelweyo kunye nobushushu obuphantsi bokutshintshiselana kobushushu kwi-evaporator [2]. Ngeli xesha, ubushushu bomoya ocinezelweyo buphantsi kakhulu, bulingana nobushushu be-dew point obuyi-2 ~ 10°C. Ukuba akukho mfuneko ikhethekileyo (oko kukuthi, akukho mfuneko yobushushu obuphantsi bomoya ocinezelweyo), ngokuqhelekileyo umoya ocinezelweyo uya kubuyela kwi-air heat exchanger (preheater) [1] ukuze utshintshiselane ubushushu nomoya ocinezelweyo obushushu obuphezulu osandula ukungena kwi-cold dryer. Injongo yokwenza oku:

① Sebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo "ukupholisa inkunkuma" yomoya ocinezelweyo owomileyo ukuze upholise umoya ocinezelweyo obushushu obuphezulu osandul' ukungena kwisixhobo sokomisa esibandayo, ukuze unciphise umthwalo wefriji yesixhobo sokomisa esibandayo;

② Thintela iingxaki zesibini ezifana nokufuma, ukuvuza, kunye nokugqwala ngaphandle kombhobho ongasemva okubangelwa ngumoya ocinezelweyo owomileyo nobushushu obuphantsi.

Inkqubo yokukhenkcisa:

I-refrigerant freon ingena kwi-compressor [4], kwaye emva kokucinezelwa, uxinzelelo luyanda (kwaye nobushushu buyanda), kwaye xa iphezulu kancinci kunoxinzelelo olukwi-condenser, umphunga we-refrigerant oxinezelekileyo ophezulu ukhutshwa kwi-condenser [6]. Kwi-condenser, umphunga we-refrigerant kubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo utshintshiselana ubushushu nomoya kubushushu obuphantsi (ukupholisa umoya) okanye amanzi okupholisa (ukupholisa amanzi), ngaloo ndlela i-refrigerant Freon inyibilike ibe yimeko yolwelo.

Ngeli xesha, i-liquid refrigerant ingena kwi-Freon/air heat exchanger (evaporator) [2] nge-capillary tube/expansion valve [8] ukuze ithomalalise (ipholise) kwaye ifunxe ubushushu bomoya ocinezelweyo kwi-evaporator ukuze ifume. Into eza kupholiswa - umoya ocinezelweyo uyapholiswa, kwaye umphunga we-refrigerant ophefumulweyo ufunxwa yi-compressor ukuze kuqalwe umjikelo olandelayo.

I-refrigerant igqibezela umjikelo ngeenkqubo ezine zokucinezela, ukufuma, ukwandiswa (ukuthomalalisa), kunye nokuphuma komoya kwinkqubo. Ngemijikelo yokuqandisa eqhubekayo, injongo yokuqandisa umoya ocinezelweyo iyafezekiswa.
Imisebenzi emi-4 yecandelo ngalinye
umtshintshi wobushushu bomoya
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba amanzi aqukuqelayo angabikho eludongeni lwangaphandle lombhobho wangaphandle, umoya owomileyo oqandisiweyo ushiya umphunga kwaye utshintshise ubushushu kwakhona nomoya oxinzelelweyo oshushu, oshushu nofumileyo kwisixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu somoya. Kwangaxeshanye, ubushushu bomoya ongena kwisixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu buyancipha kakhulu.

utshintshiselwano lobushushu
I-refrigerant ifunxa ubushushu ize yande kwi-evaporator, itshintsha ukusuka kwimeko yolwelo ukuya kwimeko yegesi, kwaye umoya ocinezelweyo upholiswa kukutshintshiselana kobushushu, ukuze umphunga wamanzi emoyeni ocinezelweyo utshintshe ukusuka kwimeko yegesi ukuya kwimeko yolwelo.

isahluli samanzi
Amanzi olwelo aqutyulweyo ahlulwe emoyeni ocinezelweyo kwisixhobo sokwahlula amanzi. Okukhona ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlula amanzi, kokukhona inani lamanzi olwelo lincipha liphinda liguquke libe ngumoya ocinezelweyo, kwaye iqondo loxinzelelo lomoya ocinezelweyo liphantsi.

isiguquli
I-gaseous refrigerant ingena kwi-refrigerant compressor ize icinezelwe ukuze ibe yi-gaseous refrigerant enobushushu obuphezulu, enoxinzelelo oluphezulu.

ivalvu yokudlula
Ukuba ubushushu bamanzi aqukuqelayo buhla ngaphantsi kweqondo lokubanda, umkhenkce oqukuqelayo uya kubangela ukuvaleka komkhenkce. Ivalvu edlulayo inokulawula ubushushu befriji kwaye ilawule iqondo lokubanda koxinzelelo kubushushu obuzinzileyo (phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-6°C)

i-condenser

I-condenser yehlisa ubushushu be-refrigerant, kwaye i-refrigerant itshintsha ukusuka kwimeko yegesi enobushushu obuphezulu ukuya kwimeko yolwelo enobushushu obuphantsi.

isihluzo
Isihluzi sihluza ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola kwefriji.

Ivalvu yeCapillary/yokwandisa
Emva kokuba i-refrigerant idlule kwi-capillary tube/expansion valve, umthamo wayo uyanda, ubushushu bayo buyancipha, kwaye iba lulwelo oluphantsi kobushushu, oluphantsi koxinzelelo.

Isahluli segesi nolwelo
Ekubeni i-liquid refrigerant engena kwi-compressor iya kubangela ukutshayiswa kolwelo, okunokubangela umonakalo kwi-refrigerant compressor, i-refrigerant gas-liquid separator iqinisekisa ukuba yi-gaseous refrigerant kuphela enokungena kwi-refrigerant compressor.

umsele ozenzekelayo
Umsele ozenzekelayo ukhupha amanzi aqukunjelwe ezantsi kwesahluli ngaphandle komatshini ngamaxesha athile.

isomisi

Isixhobo sokomisa esifakwe efrijini sineengenelo zesakhiwo esincinci, ukusetyenziswa okulula nokugcinwa, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokugcinwa. Sifanelekile kwiimeko apho ubushushu obuphantsi koxinzelelo lomoya oluxinzelelweyo bungekho phantsi kakhulu (ngaphezu kwe-0°C).
Isixhobo sokomisa umoya oxineneyo sisebenzisa isixhobo sokufumisa umoya ocinezelweyo ukuze siwususe kwaye somise umoya ocinezelweyo ophoqeleka ukuba udlule kuwo. Izixhobo zokomisa umoya ovuselelekayo zihlala zisetyenziswa yonke imihla.
● isihluzi
Izihluzi zahlulwe zaba zizihluzi eziphambili zemibhobho, izahluli zamanzi egesi, izihluzi zokususa ivumba elibi kwikhabhoni esebenzayo, izihluzi zokubulala iintsholongwane ngomphunga, njl.njl., kwaye imisebenzi yazo kukususa ioyile, uthuli, ukufuma kunye nokunye ukungcola emoyeni ukuze kufunyanwe umoya ococekileyo ocinezelweyo. Umoya.