Kutheni iimoto ezihlala zihleli zemagnethi ezihambelanayo ziba ziimoto eziphambili zokuqhuba?
Imoto yombane inokuguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla oomatshini, kwaye idlulisele amandla oomatshini kumavili ngenkqubo yothumelo ukuze iqhube imoto. Yenye yeenkqubo eziphambili zokuqhuba izithuthi zamandla amatsha. Okwangoku, iimoto zokuqhuba ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha ziimoto ezihlala zihleli ezihambelana nemagnethi kunye neemoto ezihlala zihleli ze-AC. Uninzi lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha zisebenzisa iimoto ezihlala zihleli ezihambelana nemagnethi. Iinkampani zeemoto ezimeleyo ziquka i-BYD, i-Li Auto, njl. Ezinye izithuthi zisebenzisa iimoto ezihlala zihleli ze-AC. Iimoto zombane zimele iinkampani zeemoto ezifana neTesla kunye neMercedes-Benz.
Injini engatshintshiyo yenziwe ikakhulu yi-stator engashukumiyo kunye ne-rotor ejikelezayo. Xa i-stator winding iqhagamshelwe kumbane we-AC, i-rotor iya kujikeleza kwaye ikhuphe amandla. Umgaqo ophambili kukuba xa i-stator winding inikwe amandla (alternating current), iya kwenza intsimi ye-electromagnetic ejikelezayo, kwaye i-rotor winding yi-conductor evaliweyo ehlala isika imigca ye-magnetic induction ye-stator kwintsimi ye-magnetic ejikelezayo ye-stator. Ngokomthetho kaFaraday, xa i-conductor evaliweyo isika umgca we-magnetic induction, kuya kuveliswa umsinga, kwaye umsinga uya kuvelisa intsimi ye-electromagnetic. Ngeli xesha, kukho amasimi amabini e-electromagnetic: enye yintsimi ye-stator electromagnetic eqhagamshelwe kumsinga wangaphandle ojikelezayo, kwaye enye iveliswa ngokusika umgca we-stator electromagnetic induction. Intsimi ye-Rotor electromagnetic. Ngokomthetho kaLenz, umsinga oshukumiweyo uya kuhlala uxhathisa unobangela womsinga oshukumiweyo, oko kukuthi, zama ukuthintela ii-conductors kwi-rotor ekunqumleni imigca ye-magnetic induction yentsimi ye-magnetic ejikelezayo ye-stator. Isiphumo sesi: ii-conductors kwi-rotor ziya "kufikelela" kwi-stator. Intsimi ye-electromagnetic ejikelezayo ithetha ukuba i-rotor igxotha intsimi yemagnethi ejikelezayo ye-stator, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-motor iqala ukujikeleza. Ngexesha lenkqubo, isantya sokujikeleza se-rotor (n2) kunye nesantya sokujikeleza se-stator (n1) azihambelani (umahluko wesantya malunga ne-2-6%). Ke ngoko, ibizwa ngokuba yi-AC motor engahambelaniyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba isantya sokujikeleza siyafana, sibizwa ngokuba yi-synchronous motor.
Imoto ehambelanayo yemagnethi esisigxina ikwaluhlobo lwemoto ye-AC. Irotha yayo yenziwe ngentsimbi enemagnethi esisigxina. Xa imoto isebenza, i-stator inikwa amandla okuvelisa intsimi yemagnethi ejikelezayo ukuze ityhale irotha ukuba ijikeleze. "Ukuvumelanisa" kuthetha ukuba ukujikeleza kwerotha ngexesha lokusebenza okuzinzileyo Isantya sihambelana nesantya sokujikeleza kwentsimi yemagnethi. Iimoto ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ezisisigxina zinomlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla ukuya kubunzima, zincinci ngobukhulu, zilula ngobunzima, zine-torque enkulu yokukhupha, kwaye zinomda okhawulezileyo kunye nokusebenza kokubhuleka. Ke ngoko, iimoto ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ezisisigxina ziye zaba zezona zithuthi zombane zisetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, xa izinto zemagnethi ezisisigxina ziphantsi kokungcangcazela, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nombane ogqithisileyo, umbane wayo wemagnethi unokuncipha, okanye i-demagnetization inokwenzeka, enokunciphisa ukusebenza kwemoto yemagnethi esisigxina. Ukongeza, iimoto ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ezisisigxina ezingaqhelekanga zisebenzisa izinto zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga, kwaye iindleko zokuvelisa azizinzanga.
Xa kuthelekiswa neemoto ezihlala zisebenza ngemagnethi, iimoto ezihlala zisebenza ngemagnethi kufuneka zifunxe amandla ombane ukuze zivuse xa zisebenza, nto leyo eza kusebenzisa amandla ombane kwaye inciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kwemoto. Iimoto ezihlala zisebenza ngemagnethi zibiza kakhulu ngenxa yokongezwa kweemagnethi ezihlala zisebenza.
Iimodeli ezikhetha iimoto ezingasebenziyo nge-AC zidla ngokubeka phambili ukusebenza kwaye zisebenzisa ithuba lemveliso yokusebenza kunye neenzuzo zokusebenza kakuhle kweemoto ezingasebenziyo nge-AC kwisantya esiphezulu. Imodeli emeleyo yiModeli yokuqala S. Iimpawu eziphambili: Xa imoto iqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu, inokugcina ukusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla ombane, inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngelixa igcina amandla aphezulu;
Iimodeli ezikhetha iimoto ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ezisisigxina zidla ngokubeka phambili ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwaye zisebenzise imveliso yokusebenza kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kweemoto ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ezisisigxina ngesantya esiphantsi, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke kwiimoto ezincinci neziphakathi. Iimpawu zayo zincinci, ubunzima obuphantsi, kunye nobomi bebhetri obude. Kwangaxeshanye, inamandla okulawula isantya kwaye inokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle xa ijongene nokuqala okuphindaphindiweyo, ukuma, ukukhawulezisa kunye nokuhla kwesantya.
Iimoto ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ezisisigxina zilawula. Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwi-"New Energy Vehicle Industry Chain Monthly Database" ekhutshwe yi-Advanced Industry Research Institute (GGII), umthamo ofakwe ngaphakathi weemoto ezintsha zokuqhuba izithuthi zamandla ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Agasti 2022 wawumalunga neeyunithi eziyi-3.478 yezigidi, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka kwe-101%. Phakathi kwazo, umthamo ofakelweyo weemoto ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ezisisigxina wawuziiyunithi eziyi-3.329 yezigidi, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka kwe-106%; umthamo ofakelweyo weemoto ezingafaniyo ze-AC wawuziiyunithi eziyi-1.295 yezigidi, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka kwe-22%.
Iimoto ezihlala zisebenza ngemagnethi ezihambelanayo ziye zaba ziimoto eziphambili zokuqhuba kwimarike yeemoto zabakhweli zombane.
Xa sijonga ukhetho lweemoto kwiimodeli eziphambili ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, izithuthi ezintsha zamandla eziqaliswe yiSAIC Motor yasekhaya, iGeely Automobile, iGuangzhou Automobile, iBAIC Motor, iDenza Motors, njl. zonke zisebenzisa iimoto ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ezisisigxina. Iimoto ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ezisisigxina zisetyenziswa kakhulu eTshayina. Okokuqala, kuba iimoto ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ezisisigxina zisebenza kakuhle ngesantya esiphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqula okuphezulu, ezifanelekileyo kakhulu kwiimeko zokusebenza ezinzima kunye nokuqala rhoqo kunye nokuma kwiindlela zasezidolophini. Okwesibini, ngenxa yeemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-neodymium iron boron kwiimoto ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ezisisigxina. Ezi zinto zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga, kwaye ilizwe lam linama-70% ezixhobo zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga zehlabathi, kwaye imveliso iyonke yezinto zemagnethi zeNdFeB ifikelela kuma-80% ehlabathi, ngoko ke iTshayina inomdla ngakumbi ekusebenziseni iimoto ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ezisisigxina.
I-Tesla kunye ne-BMW zangaphandle zisebenzisa ii-motor ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ezisisigxina kunye nee-motor ezingafaniyo ze-AC ukuze ziphuhliswe ngokubambisana. Ngokwembono yesakhiwo sesicelo, i-motor ehambelanayo yemagnethi esisigxina yeyona ikhethwa kakhulu kwizithuthi ezintsha zamandla.
Ixabiso lezinto zemagnethi ezisisigxina limalunga ne-30% yexabiso leemoto ezisisigxina ezihambelanayo zemagnethi. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo zokwenza iimoto ezisisigxina ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ziquka i-neodymium iron boron, amaphepha esinyithi esilicon, ubhedu kunye ne-aluminium. Phakathi kwazo, i-neodymium iron boron yezinto zemagnethi ezisisigxina isetyenziswa kakhulu ukwenza iimagnethi ezisisigxina zerotor, kwaye ulwakhiwo lwexabiso lumalunga ne-30%; amaphepha esinyithi esilicon asetyenziswa kakhulu ukwenza ngokwezifiso Ulwakhiwo lwexabiso le-rotor core lumalunga ne-20%; ulwakhiwo lwexabiso le-stator winding lumalunga ne-15%; ulwakhiwo lwexabiso le-motor shaft lumalunga ne-5%; kwaye ulwakhiwo lwexabiso le-motor shell lumalunga ne-15%.
KutheniIimoto zemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-OSG zijijela i-air compressorisebenza ngcono?
Imoto ehambelanayo yemagnethi esisigxina yenziwe ikakhulu zizinto ze-stator, i-rotor kunye ne-shell. Njengeemoto ze-AC eziqhelekileyo, i-stator core inesakhiwo esilaminethiweyo sokunciphisa ukulahleka kwesinyithi ngenxa yemiphumo ye-eddy current kunye ne-hysteresis xa imoto isebenza; ii-windings nazo zihlala ziyizakhiwo ezilinganayo zesigaba sesithathu, kodwa ukhetho lweeparameter lwahlukile kakhulu. Inxalenye ye-rotor ineendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-rotor yemagnethi esisigxina enekheyiji yokuqala ye-squirrel, kunye ne-rotor yemagnethi esisigxina efakwe ngaphakathi okanye ebekwe phezu kwayo. I-rotor core ingenziwa ibe yisakhiwo esiqinileyo okanye esilaminethiweyo. I-rotor ixhotyiswe ngezinto zemagnethi ezisisigxina, ezibizwa ngokuba yimagnethi.
Phantsi kokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-esihlala sisebenza kwi ...
Ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala, ngenxa yokuba i-motor yemagnet esisigxina iqalwa ngumbane we-variable frequency okanye i-inverter exhasayo, inkqubo yokuqala ye-motor yemagnet esisigxina ilula kakhulu; ifana nokuqala kwe-motor ye-variable frequency, kwaye ithintela iziphene zokuqala zee-motor eziqhelekileyo ze-cage asynchronous.
Ngamafutshane, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namandla eemoto zemagnethi ezisisigxina zinokufikelela phezulu kakhulu, ulwakhiwo lulula kakhulu, kwaye imakethi ibishushu kakhulu kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukulahleka kokusilela kokuvuselela yingxaki engenakuphepheka kwiimoto zemagnethi ezisisigxina. Xa umbane umkhulu kakhulu okanye ubushushu buphezulu kakhulu, ubushushu bee-motor windings buya kunyuka ngoko nangoko, umbane uya kwanda kakhulu, kwaye iimagnethi ezisisigxina ziya kulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza kukuvuselela. Kulawulo lwemoto yemagnethi esisigxina, isixhobo sokukhusela umbane ogqithisileyo simiselwe ukuthintela ingxaki yokutsha kwe-motor stator winding, kodwa ukulahleka okubangelwa kukuvusa kunye nokuvalwa kwezixhobo akunakuphepheka.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-12-2023
